They were good buddies until my dad died." Roger Maris Jr. on the relationship . [56], In July 2016, four new committees were established. 8 Mantle did not start the first game of the doubleheader, but did pinch-hit. Roger and Bob scrambled to their feet, Roger shook Ava's hand and thanked her. Maris hit his 61st home run in the last game of the season, which led to questions about the legitimacy of his record. [59][58] In August 2020, the Hall of Fame rescheduled The Golden Days Committee winter meeting in 2020 to December 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. His children are named as follows: Roger E. Maris Jr., who is the youngest; Kevin J. Maris, Randy Maris, and Richard Maris; Susan A. Maris, who is the eldest; Sandra Maris, and Richard Maris. They finally divorced when Maris was in his late 20s, but the sting never went away. Roger had just turned 22, and Pat was 21. Neither side disclosed terms of the settlement Tuesday, but the Maris family had been seeking $250 million in compensatory damages and up to $5 billion in punitive damages. He was 51 years old. Maris had learned in November 1983 that he was suffering from lymphoma, a form of cancer that attacks the lymph glands. How he stood up Ill never know. Died Place: Houston, Texas, USA: . [58] Maris is the 24th former player on the Hall of Fame rated list of 85 eligible candidates for the Golden Days Committee Ballot. His 133 home runs were the most of any player for the three year period from 1960 to 1962. He hit 275 homers in his 12 major league seasons and had a career average of .260. [50] To date, Maris has not been elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. 9. Type above and press Enter to search. Exactly nothing. In addition to the 61 home runs, Maris hit .269 with 141 RBIs, 132 runs, 366 total bases and a .993 OPS. Anheuser-Busch agreed to pay at least $120 million in cash to the family of former home run king Roger Maris as part of a settlement that ended a defamation trial and other litigation, according to an SEC filing the brewer made Wednesday. I was hoping to see number 62 in New York but it looks like Texas will be where history is made. Roger Maris (1956 - 14 December 1985) (his death) (4 children) Trivia (1) Children: Susan A. Maris; Roger E. Maris Jr.; Kevin J. Maris; and Randy. [20], Maris had 59 home runs after the Yankees' 154th game and therefore failed to beat Ruth's 60 home runs within the original season length. Stay tuned for more updates on LatestinBollywood. Holy Cross Cemetery in Fargo, North Dakota is where his body was laid to rest after it was cremated. "Anybody who hits 33 homers and drives in 100 runs deserves a beer distributorship," Busch said after the Cardinals defeated the. Maris told friends in 1984 that the illness was in remission, but he recently became ill again and entered Houstons M.D. ROGER MARIS IS DEAD AT 51 SET RECORD FOR HOME RUNS Roger Maris, who held the major league record for the most home runs in a single season, died yesterday at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston after a two-year bout with cancer, hospital officials said. Commissioner Ford Frick ultimately ruled that if Maris broke the Ruth record after his 154th game, it should carry an asterisk, protecting the Ruth patent. Maris started the 1961 season slowly. During his final months, he fought hard against the illness but lost . Roger Maris Had Six Children With His Wife Patricia A. Maris, Who Is Wes Scantlin Ex Wife Wes Scantlin is a musician,, A 13-year-old was put into an induced coma after he was hit, An eminent NHS consultant who was found with more than 100 abhorrent, Its a crisis that doctors have warned leaves millions of men suffering, Enterprising British women are benefitting from a new source of income during, Rugby League star Rob Burrow wants wife Lindsey to find love again when he dies, Ukraines President Zelensky predicts Putins fragile regime will be toppled by his own people, Ronna McDaniel confident Trump will sign pledge to support 2024 GOP nominee, Rick Scott suggests Biden is compromised by Beijing, Soldier who groped a female colleagues bottom after St Patricks Day parade is convicted, Schoolboy is in induced coma after he was hit by a car while riding his bicycle to a friends house, Police are granted more time to question suspect in shooting of John Caldwell in Omagh, Casually-dressed Jeff Bezos and Lauren Sanchez touch down on private jet for Miami break, Ban on buying new petrol cars after 2030 is not enough to meet green targets, RAC Foundation says, Chechen warlord Ramzan Kadyrov creates new hero honour for soldiers fighting in Ukraine, Boy, 14, is charged with driving offences after car crashes into a house at 2.30am, April 16, 1957, for the Cleveland Indians, September 29, 1968, for the St. Louis Cardinals. IPL All time Records and Achievements in History, Best F1 Monaco Records and Achievements All time, Ciryl Gane 2023: Net Worth| Salary| Career Earnings. [57] The Golden Days Era Committee (19501969) was scheduled to meet and vote for the first time in December 2020 for the 2021 Hall of Fame induction. [12], Maris played in 99 games and hit 19 home runs for Kansas City in 1958. The asterisk as such a mark was immediately suggested by New York Daily News sportswriter Dick Young. YOU HAVE 20,000 FOLLOWERS: $100 per post at a $5/CPM. Rudy died in Fargo in 1992 at age 81, outliving Roger. Maris, who was 51 years old, passed away on November 20 at M.D. . Maris died of the disease at age 51 on December 14, 1985, at M.D. Actor Barry Pepper portrayed Maris in the 2001 HBO film 61*, directed by Billy Crystal. This record stood for so long that many doubted whether it would ever be broken. Roger Maris was more than a great baseball player. . Nothing. Mickey Mantle could not stand the demise of his great friend Roger Maris but there was nothing he could do. [13][14] In the late 1950s, Kansas City frequently traded their best young players to the New York Yankeesa practice which led them to be referred to as the Yankees' "major league farm team"[15]and Maris was no exception. 51 - Lung Cancer Wayne McLaren (Marlboro Man) - 51 - Lung Cancer Rod Serling - 51 - Heart Disease (4 packs a day) Roger Maris (baseball player) - 51 - Lung Cancer Lloyd Haynes (General Hospital) - 52 - Lung Cancer Eddie Kendrick - 52 - Lung Cancer Babe Ruth - 53 . Maris participated in the ceremony, wearing a Yankee #9 uniform. On June 15, 1958, after playing in 51 games and hitting nine home runs for the Indians, he was traded to the Kansas City Athletics with Dick Tomanek and Preston Ward for Vic Power and Woodie Held. In the seventh inning of Wednesdays game against the Toronto Blue Jays, a full-count pitch resulted in a record-tying single that sailed over the fence in left field. He recently said of his illness: You find out in a hurry who your true friends are. He was traded to the Cardinals after the 1966 season, helping . They met during a high school basketball game when they were in tenth grade. Find His Wife. It wouldn't be right to . He was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 1983. In 1955, Rogers grandfather went through a name change, going from Maras to Maris. One of his kids, Kevin, made the remark that he thinks its great that his dad is still getting recognition for the accomplishments that he achieved in baseball. Roger Maris never saw Ava Gardner again. I will not argue with you about why or why not I should be elected. Children And Family Details. It is the most runs scored by any player in the history of Major League Baseballs 20-year-old competition. In 1927, Roger Maris Sr. was three years old when his father hit the season's 60th home run. Roger and Mickey also set the home run record for teammates hitting 115 home runs between them. Roger Maris was 19 days old when Babe Ruth hit his final home run for the Yankees in 1934. In 1967, Roger helped lead the Cardinals to the World Series, where he then homered and drove in a Cardinal record 7 RBI's as St. Louis won the World Series. In the age of 51, Roger passed away at M.D. "As a ballplayer, I would be delighted to do it again," Maris said in a magazine article after the 1961 season. [51], In 1977, sportswriter Greg Hansen criticized baseball writers in the St. Petersburg Independent for excluding Maris from the Hall of Fame after Maris received only 72 votes in that year's voting. Arrangements by William & Spencer Funeral Home, Portland. Based on the filing, Tom Leritz, an analyst with Argent Capital in St. Louis said, I dont think its going to negatively impact the company.. The legal fight between Anheuser-Busch and the Maris family had consumed eight years, three trials and millions of dollars in legal fees. In 2011, the New York Yankees celebrated the 50th Anniversary of Roger Maris' 61st Home Run during ceremonies on September 24th, at Yankee Stadium. . His wife Patricia Ann, with whom he had six children, was with him. He was traded to the Cardinals after the 1966 season, helping St. Louis to the 1967 World Series title and the 1968 National League pennant. Maris set a record that still stands today for the most return touchdowns scored in a single game while playing for his high school football team (two kickoff returns, one punt return, and one interception return). [38][39] Maris remained the AL record-holder for most home runs in a season until Aaron Judge hit his 62nd home run on October 4, 2022, in the Yankees' 161st game of the year. who died in 1985. He had never been subjected to anything like this before. With the Yankees leading 10 and Matty Alou on first, Willie Mays doubled toward the right-field line. Although he is certain he doesn't remember that, he does remember the hair loss his father went through as a result of the extreme stress of being the finest baseball player in the world. Hansen noted that there were many outfielders in the Hall of Fame who had never won two MVP awards, and that no one else had ever hit 61 home runs in a season. There was an incredible amount of pressure on Roger Maris. Maris, who was raised a Catholic, moved to Fargo in 1950 to attend Bishop Shanley High School, where she remained until she graduated in June of 1952. Find the latest Bollywood News and Celebrity Gossips from Latest In Bollywood. After Roger retired from baseball, he owned and operated an Anheuser-Busch beer distributorship with his brother Rudy and raised his six children with his wife Patricia. $200 per post at $10/CPM. Today there is no more question that Roger Maris held the . Roger, however, tied Ruth on September 26th, hitting his 60th home run of the year. "[52], In 2010, the Baseball Hall of Fame established a Golden Era Committee (replacing the Veterans Committee) to vote on the possible Hall of Fame induction of previously overlooked players along with retired umpires, managers and executives who made the greatest contributions to baseball between 1947 and 1972. The Yankees repeated as World Series Champions. ", "Roger Maris Postseason Batting Gamelogs Baseball-Reference.com", "That Touch of Mink - Production & Contact Info | IMDbPro", "To Tell the Truth - Roger Maris's wife; PANEL: Dina Merrill, Johnny Carson (Oct 2, 1961)", "Aaron Judge hits home runs 56 and 57 in Yankees' 7-6 win over Red Sox, moves closer to Roger Maris' all-time team mark", "Hall of Fame countdown: Barry Bonds will have to keep waiting for Hall of Fame entry", "Leaderboarding: The historic home run prowess of Mark McGwire", "Mark McGwire says he would have hit 70 home runs without PEDs", "Book traces Bonds' steroids use to McGwire-Sosa HR race", "On this date in baseball history: Roger Maris hits record 61st home run in 1961", "The American Legion Department of North Dakota, Baseball Hall of Fame, Roger Maris", "US Stamp Gallery >> Roger Maris 61 in '61", "With Baseball Stamps, It Ain't Over Until the Rights Issues Clear", "North Dakota Senate backs Maris resolution", "Billboards tout the 61 in '61 clubbed by Maris, "Fargo's golden boy", "Yankees honor Maris' 61 home run season", "Era Committees, Era Committee Rules of Election", "Golden Era Committee candidates announced", "Santo, Hodges among 10 on Golden Era ballot", "50 years later, Maris's 61-homer season looks even better", "Era Committee elections rescheduled to 2021", "MLB The Sporting News Pitchers of the Year & The Sporting News Major League Players of the Year", Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx Is Burning, Bill Mazeroski's 1960 World Series home run, American League Most Valuable Player Award, American League Outfielder Gold Glove Award, American League season runs batted in leaders, Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year, "You're Looking at One for the Ages Here", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_Maris&oldid=1142181799, Major League Baseball players with retired numbers, American League Most Valuable Player Award winners, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, April 16,1957,for theCleveland Indians, September 29,1968,for theSt. Louis Cardinals, AL leader in home runs, runs scored, and total bases: 1961, AL leader in runs batted in and extra base hits: 1960, 1961, AL leader in double plays turned as right fielder and outfielder: 1959, AL leader in fielding average as right fielder: 1960, 1964, NL leader in fielding average as right fielder: 1967, New York Yankees No. [31] That year, Maris, Mantle, and Yankee teammate Yogi Berra also made appearances in the film That Touch of Mink, starring Cary Grant and Doris Day.[32]. The Yankees continued to win and were playing to sellout crowds both at home and on the road. Maris nationality was American and he belonged to Croatian descent as were his parents. The Maris family moved to Grand Forks, North Dakota, in 1938, and to Fargo, North Dakota, in 1946. In a pressure-packed 1961 season, Roger Maris hit 61 home runs, outdueling his more famous New York Yankees teammate, Mickey Mantle. The Marises have been saying that for years, well before Roger Maris died of cancer in 1985. After the 1961 World Series, in which the Yankees defeated the Cincinnati Reds in five games, Maris said, "I just wanted to pull down the curtains and shut out the crazy world I'd just been through. In response, Maris organized the annual Roger Maris Celebrity Golf Tournament to raise money for cancer research and treatment. Maris made his mark on baseball history by breaking one of the game's most revered records, the 60 home runs hit by Babe Ruth in 1927. McNicholas wouldnt comment further, nor say what percentage of the settlement would go to attorneys. He is best known for setting a new MLB single-season home run record with 61 home runs in 1961. Maris was born Sept. 10, 1934, in Hibbing, Minn., but moved to Fargo, N.D., at the age of 10. "Nobody forgets Roger Maris." It was snowing, and the temperature barely broke zero, when Maris arrived at his final resting place on December 19, 1985. He married his high school sweetheart in 1956, and they had four children together. But as an individual, I doubt I could go through it again.. That is only part of the settlement, said Tom McNicholas. [8] Maris' parents had a turbulent marriage and divorced in 1960. Roger, who held the major league record for the most home runs in a single season, died yesterday at M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston after a two-year bout with cancer, hospital officials said. During his first year in the majors, Roger hit 14 home runs and drove in 51 RBI's for the Cleveland Indians. It was as if the comparatively anonymous Yankee right fielder was treading on sacred ground by challenging the Ruth record, particularly since the schedule had been expanded from 154 to 162 games to accommodate two new teams in the American League, the Washington Senators and the then Los Angeles Angels. Related Biographies . Roger Maris died in 1985. He had just one hit through four games and did not hit a home run until the 11th game. He was 51.. More and more, the Yankees became "Mickey Mantle's team" and Maris was ostracized as an "outsider" and "not a true Yankee. In 2005, the North Dakota Senate unanimously passed a resolution urging commissioner Bud Selig to reinstate Roger Maris' 61 home runs in 1961 as the major league record. As mid-season approached, it seemed quite possible that either Maris or Mantle, or perhaps both, would break Ruth's 34-year-old home run record. That 1961 season produced many emotional highs and lows for Maris and left an asterisk after his name in the record books. Maris' lymphoma was diagnosed in November 1983. [23] It is said, however, that the stress of pursuing the record was so great for Maris that his hair occasionally fell out in clumps during the season. Commissioner Peter Ueberroth, in a prepared statement Saturday, said: All of baseball is saddened by the loss of one of its true heroes. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. He was accompanied by his wife Patricia Ann and six of their children. Mickey Mantle called every week.. Roger led his American Legion team to the state championship. He hated public attention. [19] As he closed in on Ruth's record, Maris received death threats and NYPD detective Kieran Burke was assigned to watch over him. With one extraordinary season Roger Maris secured his place in baseball history. But with a professional baseball contract looming, Roger gave up his scholarship at the University of Oklahoma to pursue a career in baseball. During his career, he played for teams Cleveland Indians from 1957 to 1958, Kansas City Athletics from 1958 to 1959, New York Yankees from 1960 to 1966, and St. After Roger retired from baseball, he moved to Gainesville, Fla, where his mother had moved previously. See All Images . [49], Maris was considered for election to the National Baseball Hall of Fame via voting of the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BWAA) from 1974 to 1988. Maris, who had six children, will be buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in Fargo. The death of Roger Maris is associated with the type of cancer called non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He is famous for setting a Major League Baseball (MLB) single-season home run record in 1961 with 61 home runs, which was tied by baseball player Aaron Judge from the New York Yankees on Wednesday, 28th September 2022 by setting a record of 61 regular season home runs in the MLB. In 1980, Maris, Mantle, Whitey Ford, Elston Howard, and other former Yankee players made appearances in the film It's My Turn, starring Michael Douglas and Jill Clayburgh. Every day youd read what Mantle and Maris did. [46], Maris was inducted into the Baseball Reliquary's Shrine of the Eternals in 2009. The accomplishments of Mariss son, Maris Jr., in the game were remarked upon by Maris Jr. with a sense of pride. "All baseball is saddened by the loss of one of its true heroes," Commissioner Peter Ueberroth said in a statement. In Fargo, North Dakota, in St. Anthony's Catholic Church in October of 1956, Roger wed his high school . In 1963, Roger missed almost half of the season with injuries playing in only 90 games, but still hit 23 home runs and drove in 53 RBI's and the Yankees returned to the World Series. In the 61 years that have passed since Maris record was first established, it has been surpassed a total of six times by three different players. In the meantime, his children did not achieve success in athletics but have undeniably built a reputation for themselves by being exceptional at what they do. He was a good father, a good husband and a good man. Im really happy for them. Maris hit his 60th and 61st homers in the last week of the season, after he had passed the 154-game mark. ", Maris spent his later years as a beer distributor in Gainesville, Fla., where he said in an interview, "Maybe I wouldn't do it all over again if I had the chance. But since Bonds, Sosa, and McGwire were all members of the National League, the record has been wide open for players from the American League ever since. Maris was introverted and . In 2001, the acclaimed Billy Crystal film, 61*, starring Barry Pepper and Thomas Jane, about the 1961 home run chase, premiered in New York City. 9 retired / Monument Park honoree: 1984, Broken by Mark McGwire on September 8, 1998, Career statistics and player information from, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 23:50. I just wanted to pull down the curtains and shut out the world, he once said in reflection. His wife, Patricia Ann, was at the bedside when Maris died. Hes regarded as more of one now than in 1961 when he broke Babe Ruths single season home run record. Year Team AB H HR RBI Avg. While he will be remembered for his brilliant assault of the home-run record in 1961, we should also remember the courageous battle he fought against this dreaded disease the last two years. Kevin, the son of a former major league baseball great, was the head baseball coach at Oak Hall, a prestigious but somewhat modest private high school. Elston Howard (No. When Maris went up to the plate for that famous home run, Maris heard the sign relayed to him and hit it out for a home run (coincidentally, the third base coach of the Yankees in Frank Crosetti was a teammate of Ruth).[24]. "I told her that I had to be honest. He deflowered Jane Fonda and died at 57 from emphysema, 4 pack a day smoker. Roger Maris Son, Family, Wife, Parents, Date Of Birth, Death, Height & Nationality, Roger E Maris Jr. And Patty Judge Hugging Each Other, Matt Wright Wiki, Age, Biography, Wife, Net Worth, Parents, Children, Height, Nationality & More, Clement Giraudet Wiki, Age, Wife, Biography, Parents, Education, Net Worth, Nationality & More, Justin Thomas Wife, Wiki, Age, Parents, Height, Nationality, Net Worth & More, Erik ten Hag Wife, Children, Salary, Wiki, Age, Parents, Manchester United Manager & More, Who are Bobby Hull Children? This accomplishment is what many people remember him for. [11], Maris made his major league debut on April 16, 1957, with the Cleveland Indians. The settlement encompasses the defamation lawsuit and a $50 million jury award that the Marises had won against the nations largest brewer in 2001 for ending their beer distributorship contract in 1997. Anderson Hospital in Houston, Texas. In the expansion draft, the newly created Los Angeles Angels and Washington Senators[17] were restricted to drafting players from AL rosters. Now, however, they see the increasing vulnerability of his record -- 61 home runs in 1961. That award had been tied up on appeal. Also in 1980, Maris appeared on the November 11 episode of the variety show Hee Haw along with Barbara Mandrell and Sonny Curtis. Then, on October 1 1961, the final day of the regular season, Roger hit his 61st home run against the Boston Red Sox, to set the new home run record. [citation needed] In order to maintain a balanced schedule, AL owners extended the season from 154 games to 162 games in 1961. In 1959, he played in 122 games and hit 16 home runs; he missed 45 games during the second half of the season as a result of an appendix operation. Maris hit his 60th home run in Game 159 and broke the mark on Oct. 1, 1961, the final game of the regular season. Hes buried only a couple of miles away, in Holy Cross Cemetery, one of a row of tiny burial grounds lining the south side of Fargos 32nd Avenue North. Roger Eugene Maris was born in Hibbing, Minnesota on September 10, 1934. Both of Roger Mariss parents, Rudolph S. Rudy Maras and Ann Corrine Connie Maras, were born and raised in Minnesota. Do you know what I have to show for 61 home runs? The home run hit by Judge ties the American League record that was initially established by Yankees outfielder Roger Maris in 1961. The Yankees won the game 1 to 0 on Roger's home run, and went on to win the World Series that year. [36] Maris's home run mark was also surpassed by McGwire in 1999 (with 65) and by Sammy Sosa (with 66 in 1998, 63 in 1999, and 64 in 2001). Member of three World Series championship teams. IE 11 is not supported. Roger Maris Wife. "[citation needed], Yankee home runs began to come at a record pace. [19] Incidentally, it was later found that the Yankees that year stole signs from the bench that year, specifically having the help of pitcher Bob Turley and his distinct whistle; Tony Kubek noted that the stealing was so good that Turley wasn't allowed off the bench even when he got hurt, and he estimated that Mickey Mantle hit 50 home runs due to Turley. His zodiac sign was Virgo and was a Christian by religion. Roger Maris was an American professional baseball right fielder who was married to Patricia A. Maris and had six children with her. December 15, 1985 Roger Maris, who hit 61 home runs in 1961 to set major league baseball's single-season record, died today after a two-year struggle with cancer. Death, Net Worth, Age, Wife, Parents, Career & More. Roger Maris, who hit 61 home runs in 1961 to set major league baseball's single-season record, died today after a two-year struggle with cancer. Roger Maris, who was both despised and admired for hitting 61 home runs in 1961, breaking Babe Ruth's 1927 mark of 60 in a season, died of cancer Saturday in Houston. He finished his career with 275 home runs. [22] Barry Bonds set a new MLB record with 73 home runs in 2001. He was 51. Anheuser-Busch spokesman Rick Oleshak said he couldnt comment. Roger Maris died on December 14, 1985 of lymphoma cancer at the age of 51. In 1998, Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals and Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs surpassed Roger's Home Run record which had stood for 37 years. 1. Roger Eugene Maris was a professional baseball right fielder. [19] In spite of its formality, Frick's so-called ruling was merely a suggestion: Major League Baseball had no direct control over any record books until many years later. Though Maris was a marquee name, he no longer was a marquee player. [40], In 1964, Maris received North Dakota's Roughrider Award. Maris began his professional baseball career in 1953 when he signed with the Indians minor league affiliate, the Fargo-Moorhead Twins. . [34], Despite the statements made by Commissioner Frick in 1961, no asterisk was subsequently used beside Maris's home run record in any record books. A look at Roger Maris Wife Patricia, Children, and Family . The three playersBonds, Sosa, and McGwirewho broke Babe Ruth and Roger Maris' single-season record of 60 homers in 154 games and the modern-day record of 61 home runs in 162 games, have . Moving on, he was helped out by the leader of the AL in home runs, runs scored, and total bases in 1961, as well as the leader of the AL in runs batted in and extra-base hits in both 1960 and 1961. Maris played both baseball and football for the Shanley Deacons. And he died between the years of 1824-25. 1960 & 1961 American League Most Valuable Player. [53] Dominique did have a good side that consisted of him helping others. [42], A Roger Eugene Maris plaque dedication and No. . His father, who worked for the Great Northern Railroad, moved the family to North Dakota in 1942, where Roger and Rudy, his older brother by one-year, grew up. Maris played in the minor leagues from 1953 to 1956, and made his major league debut for the Cleveland Indians in 1957. In a similar vein, the American athlete was honoured with a plethora of prizes and distinctions, such as the Hickok Belt and the Sporting News Player of the Year award, both in 1961. An eight-man panel - the committee for statistical accuracy - voted Wednesday to remove the mythical asterisk next to Roger Maris' 61 home runs and to drop baseball's greatest power hitter from the most hallowed section of the record book.Ruth, who hit 714 home runs, lost the career record when Hank Aaron passed him in 1974 en route to a total .